Understanding Falconry Legislation and Licensing in the UK

By Understanding the Red-Tailed Hawk in Britain
Comments 35
11 Sep 2026

Understanding Falconry Legislation and Licensing in the UK

Falconry in Britain is a time-honoured pursuit, but it comes with a serious legal framework. Whether you are a seasoned falconer or just starting out, understanding the rules is essential. This article explains the key legislation, from Article 10 certificates to ring schemes, and outlines your legal responsibilities.

The Legal Framework: An Overview

The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 is the cornerstone of bird of prey law in the UK. It protects wild birds and makes it illegal to take them from the wild except under licence. For falconers, this means your birds must be captive-bred. The Act also sets out offences related to keeping, selling, and transporting birds. Alongside this, CITES regulations (implemented in the UK through domestic legislation) govern trade in endangered species. Many birds of prey used in falconry, such as peregrines, goshawks, and some falcons, are listed under CITES Annex A, which is the highest level of protection. This is where Article 10 certificates come in. The Animal Welfare Act 2006 also imposes a duty of care on anyone keeping a bird.

Article 10 Certificates: What They Are and When You Need One

An Article 10 certificate is a CITES document that allows commercial use of Annex A specimens. In practice, this means if you want to sell, buy, breed for sale, or use your bird for commercial display (such as paid flying displays), you need one. It is not required for personal, non-commercial keeping. The certificate is issued by the relevant government authority and must accompany the bird. It includes details of the bird's identification (ring or microchip), its origin, and the owner. You must apply for a new certificate when the bird changes hands or if your details change. Without it, commercial activity is illegal and can lead to prosecution. It is important to note that Article 10 certificates are species-specific and not transferable between birds.

Ring Schemes and Identification

Proper identification is crucial. For CITES Annex A birds, the law requires that they are marked with a uniquely numbered closed ring or a microchip. Closed rings must be fitted when the bird is a chick, and they cannot be removed without damage. The ring must be issued by an approved ring scheme. These schemes maintain records and ensure rings are tamper-evident. Microchips are also acceptable but must be implanted by a vet and registered with a recognised database. Always keep your certificate and ring number safe. If you lose the ring or microchip, you must report it and may need a replacement. Never use split rings or homemade markers—they are not legal for CITES purposes.

Your Responsibilities as a Falconer

Keeping a bird of prey is a privilege with legal duties. Under the Animal Welfare Act 2006, you must provide suitable housing, a balanced diet, and veterinary care. You also need to ensure your bird cannot escape, as releasing a non-native species is an offence. If your bird does escape, you must make every effort to recover it and report it to the authorities if it is a CITES-listed bird. You are also responsible for any damage your bird causes. Insurance is not a legal requirement but is strongly recommended. Additionally, you must not fly your bird at wild quarry without the landowner's permission and without complying with close seasons and species protections.

Flying Your Bird: Quarry, Seasons, and Permissions

Falconry is not a free-for-all. The Wildlife and Countryside Act protects all wild birds, so you cannot simply hunt any species. You may only fly your bird at quarry during the open season for that species, and you must have the landowner's permission. Some species, like rabbits and brown rats, are not protected and can be taken year-round with permission. But for game birds like pheasant or partridge, you must respect the close season. Also, you cannot use your bird to take birds of prey or other protected species. Always check the latest guidance, as seasons and rules can change. If in doubt, seek advice from a reputable falconry organisation.

Record Keeping and Inspections

Good record keeping is a legal requirement for CITES-listed birds. You must keep details of acquisition, disposal, breeding, and identification. You should also keep veterinary records. Inspectors may visit to check compliance. They will want to see your Article 10 certificate, your bird's ring or microchip, and your records. Failure to keep proper records can result in fines or seizure of your bird. It is also wise to keep a copy of your public liability insurance and any permissions for land you fly on. Being organised makes inspections straightforward and demonstrates you are a responsible falconer.

Falconry legislation may seem daunting, but it exists to protect wild birds and ensure the welfare of captive ones. By understanding your obligations and keeping good records, you can enjoy this ancient craft responsibly and legally.

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5 Comments

Robert Sonny says Jul 21, 2024 at 10:00am

I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system
Reply
- John Abraham says Jul 21, 2024 at 10:00am
  
  I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system
  Reply
  - Robert Sonnysays Jul 21, 2024 at 10:00am
    
    I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system
    Reply
Robert Sonny says Jul 21, 2024 at 10:00am

I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system
Reply

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